Giovanni Pacelli was born in Rome, March 2, 1876, from a noble family that had always been in the service of the Papal States. He graduated in law and studied theology. In 1901 he was ordained a priest. It always follows his vocation from an early age. Pace begins a rapid career in the Roman Curia to become as early as 1904 a collaborator of Pope Pius X. In 1917 he was appointed bishop in 1920 and is Nuncio to Germany as a whole and concludes two agreed, the first with Bavaria in 1924 and the second with Prussia in 1929. Just in the same year he was also appointed Cardinal and then the following year became secretary of state to Pius XI. After a few months after Hitler's rise to power (January 30, 1933), July 20, 1933, Pacelli concluded a concordat with Germany, giving the idea that seals international recognition to the Nazi regime, criticized not only as a dictatorship, but especially for his clearly racist ideology. Although there was a Concordat, the Nazis violated repeatedly and Pace was forced to send up to 55 notes of protest between 1933 and 1939. On 2 March 1939, after only three ballots, Pacelli became Pope as Pius XII. The international situation is very serious, in fact, Germany is preparing to occupy Czechoslovakia. The Pope August 24, 1939 decision in a radio address the following sentence: "Nothing is lost with peace, everything can be lost with war."
The World War broke out with the invasion of Poland by Germany, which takes place on 1 September 1939 and will last until May 1945. Although now in the years '43 and '44 some Allied officials and even the Church knows the tragic reality of the extermination camps for Jews, the Pope does not get any official charges for this situation. This behavior is perhaps due to the fear that Catholics might be subject to persecution by the Nazis. We must also recognize that many churches and convents, including the Vatican itself, hiding many Jews and politically persecuted.
the war is in the midst of the Cold War, on the one hand the communist empire and the other the United States with their various allies. In the election of 1948 is in favor of the Christian Democrat Alcide De Gasperi that wins elections against the socialist-communist coalition, saving Italy from a dangerous slide that would take it to the Soviet empire. Excommunication in 1950 communists, especially the persecution that Christians suffer in states that have this system political and that same year proclaimed the Jubilee, an event of worldwide importance for reconciliation, hope and peace. He died Oct. 9, 1958.
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