The first appear in late 1500 and early 1600 in countries where the vast majority of the population is illiterate. Deal of literature and especially since the few existing schools were run by clerics, are almost all printed on them. From the middle of the eighteenth century are created for the few readers, magazines that deal with law, natural sciences, chemistry, zoology, medicine and fashion. In England where there is a certain freedom of the press to print it more than other countries. A famous newspaper of this period is "coffee" which was printed in Milan. A break with the past takes place during the French Revolution of 1789, as the press became free, thousands of pamphlets and newspapers come to light. By this time, although in later years return authoritarian governments in Europe, the newspapers will become increasingly important both as a political tool and as information on the events that will occur around us. Many times they will be closed to the complaints and in some cases their editors arrested. The papers were purchased by subscription or in clubs and shops. Among the most important in the Italian pre-unification should be mentioned: "Il Risorgimento" Cavour, which will print 1500 copies in Piedmont, where there was a degree of press freedom since 1848 and "The Polytechnic" to Carlo Cattaneo were studies on modern technology and was printed in Milan in Lombardy-Veneto.
